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Draft Parameter Negotiation Feb. 1992
INTERNET DRAFT
Expires: August 16, 1993
Parameter Negotiation
for the
Multiprotocol Interconnect
Keith Sklower
Computer Science Department
University of California, Berkeley
Clifford Frost
Information Systems & Technology
University of California, Berkeley
1. Status of This Memo This document is an Internet
Draft. Internet Drafts are working documents of the Inter-
net Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas, and its Work-
ing Groups. Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet Drafts.
Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of
six months. Internet Drafts may be updated, replaced, or
obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is not appro-
priate to use Internet Drafts as reference material or to
cite them other than as a ``working draft'' or ``work in
progress.''
Please check the 1id-abstracts.txt listing contained in the
internet-drafts Shadow Directories on nic.ddn.mil,
nnsc.nsf.net, nic.nordu.net, ftp.nisc.sri.com, or
munnari.oz.au to learn the current status of any Internet
Draft.
2. Abstract
This document describes mechanisms for negotiating opera-
tional parameters wherever SNAP encapsulation of Internet
Protocols is available. For example, it is suitable for use
in conjunction with RFC 1294 (Multiprotocol Over Frame
Relay) and RFC 1356 (Multiprotocol Interconnect on X.25 and
ISDN in the Packet Mode) [1,2], and potentially others. The
mechanisms described here are intended as optional exten-
sions, intended to facilitate interoperation in public net-
works were preconfiguration may not have been done symmetri-
cally by all parties who wish to exchange information.
Sklower & Frost [Page 1]
Draft Parameter Negotiation Feb. 1992
3. Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Brian Lloyd of Lloyd & Associates
for extensive discussion of the PPP protocol, Brad Steinke
of Microcom, and Joel Halpern of Network Systems for useful
suggestions, and especially Chris Ranch of Novell for
details about the protocol itself.
4. Conventions
The following language conventions are used in the items of
specification in this document:
o Must, Shall or Mandatory -- the item is an absolute
requirement of the specification.
o Should or Recommended -- the item should generally be
followed for all but exceptional circumstances.
o May or Optional -- the item is truly optional and may
be followed or ignored according to the needs of the
implementor.
5. Introduction
When parties wish to exchange information over a public data
network, it may be useful to perform sanity checks, such as
verifying that buffer sizes are sufficient to receive data
being transmitted, or that there is agreement as to which
protocols will be routed or bridged. As another example,
there may be circumstance in which the identity of a calling
party may not be readily available; thus some form of
authentication may be desired.
The Point-to-Point Protocol (RFC 1331 and 1332) provides a
means of achieving these goals [3,4]. It is very general
and can be adapted to any situation where there is a virtual
point-to-point connection between parties wishing to
exchange information. Since both RFC's 1294 and 1331 spec-
ify details of framing and encapsulation in incompatible
ways, there is a minor modification to PPP's encapsulation
which is required for this context.
There are some additional changes that have been proposed to
the PPP-extensions working group for use in this context.
Principally, we would like parameter negotiation as a whole
to be made optional. We would also like to be able to rene-
gotiate parameters at any time during the course of an asso-
ciation. There was also expressed the desire to decrease
the number of actual packets exchanged to traverse PPP's
state diagram. A method for doing this was proposed by
emiting compound frames which would be made up of multiple
logical PPP packets. It was thought that this might reduce
Sklower & Frost [Page 2]
Draft Parameter Negotiation Feb. 1992
the negotation to an exchange of three actual link-level
packets.
6. Frame Format
6.1. Basic Format
In this document, we propose prepending a SNAP header to
otherwise unchanged PPP (data and control) packets [5]. The
SNAP header MUST specify an OUI of 0 (Xerox Ethernet Encap-
sulation). The protocol ID field MUST be (0xZZZZ - to be
obtained). A system SHOULD recognize incoming PPP data
packets; however, we RECOMMEND that only control or negotia-
tion type PPP packets be transmitted in this fashion, since
RFCs 1294 and 1356 already specify a means of encapsulating
data packets.
Since we are proposing using this in conjunction with both
RFC1294 and RFC1356, we give an example in each packet for-
mat:
Sample Frame Relay PPP LCP packet
+-----------------------------+
| flag (7E hexadecimal) |
+-----------------------------+
| Q.922 Address |
+-- --+
| |
+-----------------------------+
| Control (UI = 0x03) |
+-----------------------------+
| Optional Pad(s) (0x00) |
+-----------------------------+
| NLPID 0x80 |
+-----------------------------+
| OUI 0x00 |
+-- . --+
| OUI 0x00 |
+-- . --+
| OUI 0x00 |
| (three octets) |
+-----------------------------+
| ETHERTYPE (to be .. |
+-- . --+
| ETHERTYPE obtained) |
| (two octets) |
+-----------------------------+
| PPP Protocol (e.g. 0x0c) |
+-- . --+
| PPP Protocol (0x21 for LCP)|
| (two octets) |
+-----------------------------+
Sklower & Frost [Page 3]
Draft Parameter Negotiation Feb. 1992
| Data |
| (e.g LCP Code ) |
+-----------------------------+
| (e.g LCP Identifier) |
+-----------------------------+
| (e.g. LCP Option Length)|
+-- . --+
| (two octets) |
+-----------------------------+
| (e.g. LCP Option) |
| . |
| . |
| . |
| . |
+-----------------------------+
| Frame Check Sequence |
+-- . --+
| (two octets) |
+-----------------------------+
| flag (7E hexadecimal) |
+-----------------------------+
Sample X.25 PPP LCP packet
+-----------------------------+
| flag (7E hexadecimal) |
+-----------------------------+
| Address A or B 0x1 or 0x3 |
+-- --+
| LAPB Control |
+-----------------------------+
| D,Q bits | SVC# high order |
+-----------------------------+
| SVC low order |
+-----------------------------+
| p(r) | m_bit | p(s) | 0 |
+-----------------------------+
| NLPID 0x80 |
+-----------------------------+
| OUI 0x00 |
+-- . --+
| OUI 0x00 |
+-- . --+
| OUI 0x00 |
| (three octets) |
+-----------------------------+
| ETHERTYPE (to be .. |
+-- . --+
| ETHERTYPE obtained) |
| (two octets) |
+-----------------------------+
| PPP Protocol (e.g. 0x0c) |
+-- . --+
Sklower & Frost [Page 4]
Draft Parameter Negotiation Feb. 1992
| PPP Protocol (0x21 for LCP)|
| (two octets) |
+-----------------------------+
| Data |
| (e.g LCP Code ) |
+-----------------------------+
| (e.g LCP Identifier) |
+-----------------------------+
| (e.g. LCP Option Length)|
+-- . --+
| (two octets) |
+-----------------------------+
| (e.g. LCP Option) |
| . |
| . |
| . |
| . |
+-----------------------------+
| Frame Check Sequence |
+-- . --+
| (two octets) |
+-----------------------------+
| flag (7E hexadecimal) |
+-----------------------------+
6.2. Supported Types
The PPP protocol is a rich language and allows many options
to be negotiated. An implementation MAY request any option
specified by PPP, but MAY decline to support any option.
Because PPP and Frame Relay encapsulations evolved indepen-
dently, there are duplicate ways to obtain configuration
information such as the IP address of the other end of the
PVC - by inverse arp, or determine the transmit and receive
buffer sizes - by XID negotiation. Where there are such
choices, it is RECOMMENDED that an implementation adhere to
practice specified in the Frame Relay and X.25 RFCs. Manual
configuration also implicitly provides information that may
otherwise have been explicitly negotiated.
7. Changes to PPP semantics
7.1. Optionality and Separability of Negotiations
As noted above, people have expressed the desire not to be
required to conduct any negotiations before transmitting
data packets in a public data network environment. Thus, an
implementation MAY silently ignore any SNAP encapsulated PPP
packet. If an implementation responds to LCP packets, it
MUST traverse the LCP state diagram according to RFC1331.
If an implementation responds to NCP packets for any partic-
ular protocol, it MUST otherwise obey the rules of the RFC
Sklower & Frost [Page 5]
Draft Parameter Negotiation Feb. 1992
for that corresponding NCP.
One reason for making negotiations optional is cost; there
are environments which charge by the packet and there are
applications such as mail hubs which generally exchange only
a few data packets with a given remote host and then will
not exchange any other packets for relatively long periods
of time.
Another reason is simplicity of implementation. For use of
small computers at home, people may wish to be able to only
support the required packet framing. Or, for routers at
campus or business hubs, this could reduce memory require-
ments from having to maintain state information for hundreds
of virtual point-to-point connections.
Another reason is reduction of latency.
8. Other Extensions to PPP
8.1. Protocol Summaries in NCP
It has been suggested that there should be a PPP LCP option
to pre-emptively announce which protocols will be routed or
bridged, in lieu of conducting independent negotiations for
each protocol via their separate NCPs, The rationale for
having this option is that it gives what may be for simple
situations the single most important benefit of having an
NCP at all (i.e. a sanity check that data packets will not
be black holed) without having the complexity or latency
requirements of a full blown NCP.
8.2. Compound PPP packets
If it is desired to conduct several independent NCPs at the
same time, and since there are per-packet charges, it may be
useful to bundle up several logical PPP packets into the
same physical packet and thus reduce packet charges. The
PPP-extensions working group has agreed to advance this
change, and it will be described in a forthcoming document.
9. References
[1] Bradley, T., Brown, C., and Malis, A., "Multiprotocol
Interconnect over Frame Relay", Network Working Group,
RFC-1294, January 1992.
[2] Malis, A., Robinson, D., Ullman R., "Multiprotocol
Interconnect on X.25 and ISDN in the Packet Mode", Net-
work Working Group, RFC-1356, August 1992.
[3] Simpson, W., "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) for the
Transmission of Multi-protocol Datagrams over Point-to-
Sklower & Frost [Page 6]
Draft Parameter Negotiation Feb. 1992
Point Links", Network Working Group, RFC-1331, May
1992.
[4] McGregor, G., "The PPP Internet Protocol Control Proto-
col (IPCP)" Network Working Group, RFC-1332, May 1992.
[5] Postel, J. and Reynolds, J., "A Standard for the Trans-
mission of IP Datagrams over IEEE 802 Networks", ISI,
RFC-1042, February 1988.
10. Authors' Addresses
Keith Sklower
Computer Science Department
570 Evans Hall
University of California
Berkeley, CA 94720
Phone: (510) 642-9587
Email: sklower@cs.Berkeley.EDU
Clifford Frost
Information Systems & Technology
275 Evans Hall
University of California
Berkeley, CA 94720
Phone: (510) 642-5360
Email: cliff@cmsa.Berkeley.EDU
11. Expiration Date of this Draft
August 16, 1993
Sklower & Frost [Page 7]